Source code for gym_ultrasonic.envs.obstacle

import math
import random
import time
import warnings
from typing import List, Tuple

import numpy as np
from gym.spaces import Box
from shapely import affinity
from shapely import speedups
from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString

from .constants import SENSOR_DIST_MAX, SERVO_ANGULAR_VELOCITY, SERVO_ANGLE_MAX

if not speedups.enabled:
    warnings.warn("Install Cython to enable shapely speedups")


[docs]class Obstacle: """ A static rectangular obstacle. """ def __init__(self, position, width, height, angle=0): """ Parameters ---------- position: List[float] Obstacle center position in world coordinates, (x, y). width: float Obstacle width, mm height: float Obstacle height, mm angle: float Obstacle rotation angle in radians. Positive angles are counter-clockwise and negative are clockwise rotations. """ self.position = np.array(position, dtype=np.float32) self.width = width self.angle = angle self.height = height @property def polygon(self): """ Returns ------- Polygon Minimum rotated bounding box polygon. """ coords = self.get_polygon_parallel_coords() + self.position polygon_parallel = Polygon(coords) return affinity.rotate(polygon_parallel, self.angle, use_radians=True)
[docs] def get_polygon_parallel_coords(self): """ Returns ------- np.ndarray Clock-wise vertices of the bounding box polygon, parallel to the world axes. """ # zero angle is aligned with Ox axis # that's why width is substituted by height l, r, t, b = -self.height / 2, self.height / 2, self.width / 2, -self.width / 2 return np.array([(l, b), (l, t), (r, t), (r, b)], dtype=np.float32)
[docs] def set_position(self, position): """ Sets the object global position. Parameters ---------- position: List[float] `Obstacle` center position in world coordinates, (x, y). """ self.position = np.array(position, dtype=np.float32)
def __str__(self): return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.extra_repr()})"
[docs] def extra_repr(self): return f"{self.width} x {self.height}"
[docs]class Servo(Obstacle): """ Servo that holds sonar(s) on board. Servo has only one function - rotate the sonar(s). """ def __init__(self, width, height, sonar_direction_angles=(0,), angle_range=(-SERVO_ANGLE_MAX, SERVO_ANGLE_MAX), angular_vel=0): """ Parameters ---------- width: float Servo width, mm height: float Servo height, mm sonar_direction_angles: Tuple[float] List of sonar directions angles, radians. angle_range: Tuple[float] Min and max rotation angles, radians angular_vel: float or str Rotation radians per second. """ super().__init__(position=[0, 0], width=width, height=height, angle=0) self.sonar_direction_angles = sonar_direction_angles self.angle_range = angle_range self.angular_vel = angular_vel self.ccw = 1 @property def sonar_angles_world(self): return np.add(self.angle, self.sonar_direction_angles)
[docs] def rotate(self, sim_time=None, angle_turn=None): """ Rotates the servo. Parameters ---------- sim_time: float Simulation time step, sec. angle_turn: float Angle to rotate the servo. If set to `None`, it's calculated by the time spent, multiplied by the angular velocity. """ if sim_time is None and angle_turn is None: raise ValueError("Either sim_time or angle_turn must be specified.") if angle_turn is None: angle_turn = sim_time * self.angular_vel * self.ccw if angle_turn == 0: # do nothing return angle = self.angle + angle_turn min_angle, max_angle = self.angle_range if angle > max_angle: angle = max_angle # start turning clockwise self.ccw = -1 elif angle < min_angle: angle = min_angle # start turning counter-clockwise self.ccw = 1 self.angle = angle
[docs] def reset(self): """ Resets the servo. """ self.ccw = 1 self.angle = 0
[docs] def extra_repr(self): to_degrees = lambda rads: '(' + ', '.join(f"{math.degrees(rad):.1f}" for rad in rads) + ')' return f"sonar_direction_angles={to_degrees(self.sonar_direction_angles)} degrees, " \ f"angle_range={to_degrees(self.angle_range)} degrees, " \ f"angular_vel={math.degrees(self.angular_vel):.1f} degrees/s"
[docs]class Robot(Obstacle): """ Robot with a mounted servo and ultrasonic range sensor. """ def __init__(self, width, height, sonar_direction_angles=(0,), sensor_max_dist=SENSOR_DIST_MAX): """ Initializes the robot with the given parameters at `[0, 0]` position and `0` rotation angle. Parameters ---------- width: float Robot width, mm height: float Robot height, mm sensor_max_dist: float Ultrasonic sonar max range, mm. Default is `SENSOR_MAX_DIST`. """ super().__init__(position=[0., 0.], width=width, height=height, angle=0) self.sensor_max_dist = sensor_max_dist # servo is 90 degrees rotated w.r.t. robot # that's why width is substituted by height self.servo = Servo(width=0.5 * self.height, height=0.25 * self.width, sonar_direction_angles=sonar_direction_angles, angular_vel=0) @property def servo_shift(self): """ Returns ------- float Shift of the servo along robot's main axis, mm """ return 0.3 * self.height @property def n_sonars(self): """ Returns ------- int Num. of sonars on board. """ return len(self.servo.sonar_direction_angles)
[docs] def move_forward(self, move_step): """ Parameters ---------- move_step: float Move step, mm. """ vec = np.multiply(self.direction_vector, move_step) self.position += vec
[docs] def diffdrive(self, vel_left, vel_right, sim_time): """ Differential drive. Adapted from http://ais.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/teaching/ss17/robotics/exercises/solutions/03/sheet03sol.pdf Parameters ---------- vel_left: float Left wheel tangential speed, mm / sec. vel_right: float Right wheel tangential speed, mm / sec. sim_time: float Simulation time step, sec. Returns ------- move_step: float Performed move step in mm along robot's main axis. angle_rotate: float Performed rotation in radians. trajectory: LineString Trajectory of this step. """ def rotation_matrix(theta): c = np.cos(theta) s = np.sin(theta) return np.array([[c, -s], [s, c]]) old_pos = np.copy(self.position) if vel_left == vel_right: # straight line move_step = vel_left * sim_time angle_rotate = 0 self.move_forward(move_step) trajectory = LineString([old_pos, self.position]) else: # circular motion # Calculate the radius of rotation r_icc = self.width / 2.0 * ((vel_left + vel_right) / (vel_right - vel_left)) # compute instantaneous center of curvature x, y = self.position x_icc = x - r_icc * np.sin(self.angle) y_icc = y + r_icc * np.cos(self.angle) # compute the angular velocity omega = (vel_right - vel_left) / self.width # compute the angle change angle_rotate = omega * sim_time # forward kinematics for differential drive pos_icc = np.array([x - x_icc, y - y_icc]) # robot position in ICC coordinate system rotate = lambda angle: rotation_matrix(angle).dot(pos_icc) + [x_icc, y_icc] self.position = rotate(angle_rotate) move_step = r_icc * angle_rotate # arc length self.angle += angle_rotate # create curvature trajectory for rendering dtheta_intermediate = np.linspace(0, angle_rotate, num=5, endpoint=True) trajectory = LineString(map(rotate, dtheta_intermediate)) # dilate line trajectory = trajectory.buffer(distance=self.width / 2., cap_style=3, resolution=2) return move_step, angle_rotate, trajectory
[docs] def turn(self, angle_step): """ Parameters ---------- angle_step: float CCW angle turn in radians. """ self.angle += angle_step
[docs] def collision(self, obj): """ Parameters ---------- obj: Obstacle or List[Obstacle] An obstacle(s) to check for a collision. Returns ------- bool If robot's minimum rotated bounding box collides with an obstacle(s). """ if isinstance(obj, Obstacle): ret = self.polygon.intersects(obj.polygon) return ret else: # iterable return any(map(self.collision, obj))
@property def direction_vector(self): """ Returns ------- np.ndarray Robot's direction vector, (x, y) """ return np.array([np.cos(self.angle), np.sin(self.angle)]) @property def servo_position(self): """ Returns ------- np.ndarray World coordinates of Servo with embedded Ultrasonic sensor, (x, y) """ return self.position + self.direction_vector * self.servo_shift def _ray_cast_single_sonar(self, obstacles, sonar_angle): sensor_pos = self.servo_position angle_target = self.angle + sonar_angle target_direction = np.array([np.cos(angle_target), np.sin(angle_target)]) ray_cast = LineString([sensor_pos, sensor_pos + target_direction * self.sensor_max_dist]) min_dist = self.sensor_max_dist # hide the intersection circle from a drawing screen intersection_xy = np.array([-self.sensor_max_dist, -self.sensor_max_dist]) for obj in obstacles: obj_pol = obj.polygon intersection = obj_pol.intersection(ray_cast) if isinstance(intersection, LineString): intersection_coords = np.array(intersection.coords) distances = np.linalg.norm(intersection_coords - sensor_pos, axis=1) argmin = distances.argmin() dist = distances[argmin] if dist < min_dist: min_dist = dist intersection_xy = intersection_coords[argmin] return min_dist, intersection_xy
[docs] def ray_cast(self, obstacles): """ Casts a ray along servo sensor direction and checks if there an intersection with `obstacles`. Simulates Ultrasonic range sonar, mounted on top of the servo, in a real robot. Parameters ---------- obstacles: List[Obstacle] List of obstacles in the scene. Returns ------- min_dist: List[float] Min dist to an obstacle. If no obstacle is found at the ray intersection, `max_dist` is returned. intersection_xy: List[np.ndarray] X and Y of the intersection point with an obstacle. """ if self.collision(obstacles): min_dist_array = [0.] * self.n_sonars intersection_xy_array = np.tile(self.position, reps=(self.n_sonars, 1)).tolist() else: min_dist_array = [] intersection_xy_array = [] for sonar_angle in self.servo.sonar_angles_world: min_dist, intersection_xy = self._ray_cast_single_sonar(obstacles, sonar_angle=sonar_angle) min_dist_array.append(min_dist) intersection_xy_array.append(intersection_xy) return min_dist_array, intersection_xy_array
[docs] def reset(self, box): """ Sets the current position to a random point from a `box`. Parameters ---------- box: Box Allowed box space to sample a point from. """ if box.shape != (2,): raise ValueError("Can sample a point from a plain 2D box only") self.position = box.sample() self.angle = random.uniform(0, 2 * math.pi) self.servo.reset()
[docs] def extra_repr(self): return f"{super().extra_repr()}, {self.servo}, sensor_max_dist={self.sensor_max_dist} mm"